Effects of Bushen Huoxue Recipe combined with neural stem cell transplantation in rats with tinnitus / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Neural stem cel s have multi-directional differentiation potential, self-sustaining and self-renewal capacity as wel as have strong migration ability. Bushen Huoxue Recipe can reduce neuronal damage and promote nerve cel regeneration, to achieve neural function reconstruction. Underlying mechanisms of Bushen Huoxue Recipe combined with neural stem cel transplantation in rats with tinnitus induced by sodium salicylate are yet unclear. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of Bushen Huoxue Recipe combined with neural stem cel transplantation in rats with tinnitus induced by sodium salicylate. METHODS:Sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into five groups (n=12):normal control group, tinnitus model group, Bushen Huoxue Recipe group, stem cel group and combined treatment group (Bushen Huoxue Recipe combined with neural stem cel transplantation). Animal models of tinnitus induced by sodium salicylate were made in al the groups except for the normal control group. Fifteen days after modeling, rats were given intragastric administration of Bushen Huoxue Recipe water decoction (3 mL, 2.592 g/mL) for consecutive 7 days in the Bushen Huoxue Recipe group, intravenous injection of neural stem cel s (1 mL, 1.0×109/L) in the stem cel group, or their combined treatment in the combined treatment group. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Bushen Huoxue Recipe, neural stem cel transplantation and their combination al could effectively promote the recovery of drinking water inhibitory rate that was ranked as fol ows:combined treatment group

Comparisons of airway establishment among four surgical methods / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective To compare efficacy, time consumed and complications among cricothyroid membrane puncture guided tracheostomy ( CMPGT ) , surgical tracheostomy ( ST ) , surgical cricothyroidotomy ( SC) , and percutaneous tracheostomy using Griggs'guide wire dilating forceps ( GWDF) for the establishment of airway in urgent need of medical attention.Methods Twenty miniature swine were randomly ( random number) divided into four groups.The procedures of CMPGT, ST, SC and GWDF were carried out when patients'SpO2 ( oxygen saturation of blood ) declined to 80% by suspension of oxygen supply after general anesthesia. Procedure performed time, ventilation resumed time, SpO2 and electrocardiograph ( ECG) and arterial blood gases ( ABG) analysis including SaO2 , PaO2 , PaCO2 , blood pH, and heart rate, blood pressure were recorded.Fiberoptic bronchoscope was used to assess any damage to the tracheal wall.Complications were noted and scored in a two-month follow-up period.Results Airways were successfully established in all swine.The times consumed for SC, GWDF, CMPGT, and ST were (86 ±12) s, (165 ±63) s, (174 ±34) s, and (519 ±128) s, respectively, however a shorter time for ventilation resumed was found in CMPGT procedure (23 ±4) s, P<0.01.ECG showed that SpO2 and T-wave decreased and Q-T shortened after oxygen suspension and recovered to normal level rapidly after ventilation.There were significant differences in ECG and ABG between pre-and post-operative periods ( P<0.05) in all groups.Minimal intra-operative bleeding was found in two swine of each group.In ST group, moderate intra-operative bleeding was encountered in three swine.Three pigs were suffered from hypotension owing to prolonged hypoxemia.There was minimal postoperative bleeding occurred in one swine, thus leading to stoma infection.In SC group, moderate intra-operative bleeding was noticed in one swine. One miniature swine had slight injury at laryngeal cartilage resulting in difficult decannulation happened in one swine.and moderate tracheal wall injury occurred in one swine of GWDF group.The complication scores of CMPGT, GWDF, SC and ST were 3, 5, 9, and 19, respectively.Conclusions A shorter time for ventilation resumed with fewer complications was found in the procedure of CMPGT than that in the other methods.This animal study suggested that CMPGT was a time-saving and secure technique for emergency surgical airway establishment which has been practiced in human being as well.Key words:Surgical airway establishment, Cricothyroidotomy, Tracheostomy, Percutaneous dilational tracheostomy.

Folic acid magnetic nanoparticles containing cisplatin inhibit the growth of human laryngeal cancer Hep-2 cells in a non-cytotoxic manner / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Chemotherapy drugs can kil both cancer cel s and normal tissue cel s. Molecular targeted therapy can reduce or avoid toxicity of chemotherapy drugs to normal cel s. OBJECTIVE: To study the therapeutic effect of folic acid magnetic nanoparticles containing cisplatin on laryngeal cancer. METHODS: Folic acid-cis-diaminodichloroplatinum (II)-aldehyde sodium alginate-magnetic nanoparticles (FA-CDDP-ASA-MNPs) were prepared. The FA-CDDP-ASA-MNPs, CDDP and FA-ASA-MNPs were cultured together with human laryngeal cancer Hep-2 cel s. To detect the effect of FA-CDDP-ASA-MNPs, CDDP and FA-ASA-MNPs on human laryngeal cancer Hep-2 cel s, MTT, flow cytometry and transmission electron microscopy examination were used in vitro. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Both FA-CDDP-ASA-MNPs and CDDP could inhibit the growth of human laryngeal cancer Hep-2 cel s, and there was no difference in their inhibitory rates (P > 0.05). FA-CDDP-ASA-MNPs and CDDP showed increased inhibitory rates of human laryngeal cancer Hep-2 cel s with the increase of CDPP concentration. The half maximal inhibitory concentrations of CDDP for inhibiting Hep-2 cel s were significantly different at 24 and 48 hours after culture (P 0.05). FA-CDDP-ASA-MNPs and CDDP at low concentrations could increase the percentage of cel s at G0/G1, but decrease the cel proportion at S and G2/M phases (P < 0.05). Under transmission electron microscope, Hep-2 cel s with the intake of FA-CDDP-ASA-MNPs appeared to have notable apoptosis. These findings suggest that folic acid magnetic nanoparticles containing cisplatin can inhibit the growth of human laryngeal cancer Hep 2 cel s, with no influence on the efficacy of cisplatin and with no cytotoxic effect.

A novel tracheostomy technique for emergency airway: a randomized controlled study in minipigs / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare cricothyroid membrane puncture directed tracheostomy (CMPDT) with conventional surgical tracheostomy (ST) and cricothyroidotomy (CT) and to evaluate the feasibility, efficacy and safety of this novel technique.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>15 minipigs were divided randomly into 3 groups, 5 in each. After general anesthesia, CMPDT, ST and CT were performed respectively according to the established techniques when SPO₂reached 80% (T0). Procedure duration, ECG and arterial blood gas results were recorded. Complications were recorded and scored according to an established score scale by an observer blinded to the grouping.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Airway was successfully established in all animals (15/15). ECG monitor showed T-wave decreased and Q-T shortened after seasing of oxygen supply and both recovered rapidly to normal levels after reoxygenation. There were no significant differences between 3 groups in HR, BP, SPO2, SaO₂, PaO₂, PaCO₂and pH at pre-apnea, T0 or post-operation, but with significant intragroup variation in the parameters before and after operation. The time for CMPDT, ST and CT was (174 ± 34) s, (619 ± 128) s and (86 ± 12) s respectively. Three of 5 minipigs in ST group experienced hypotension due to longer time of hypoxia. 1 and one had minor bleeding and stoma infection after surgery. One of 5 animals in CT group had minor laryngeal cartilage injury leading to difficult decannulation, postoperative fiber bronchoscopy showed no subglottic stenosis. The complication scores were 13, 9, and 3 for ST, CT and CMPDT, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>All 3 methods can provide with effective airway access with no significant differences in ventilation effect, however CMPDT has short recovery time for SpO2 and other vital signs with the lowest complication score. The animal experiment suggests that CMPDT is a fast, safe and effective surgical technique for emergency airway.</p>

Tracheostomy / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Tracheostomy is to establish an artificial airway by making an opening at anterior tracheal wall. Due to the blossom of mechanical ventilation and intensive care unit after 1950s, tracheostomy is the most favorable surgical method to access airway at present. In addition to traditional surgical tracheostomy, percutaneous dilational tracheostomy have gained increasing popularity and become an alternative procedure because of its merits such as easier manipulation, shorter operative duration and less complications. This review summarized tracheostomy from definition, history and current status, anatomy and physiology, indications, contraindications, timing, complications and management. We also elaborate our understanding of current contraercy and give some suggestions based on our clinical experience.

The expression of Nrf2 and Keap1 in laryngeal carcinoma and its clinical indication / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the role of Keap1-Nrf2-ARE pathway in laryngeal carcinoma occurrence and development.@*METHOD@#Thirty-five laryngeal carcinoma samples and para-carcinoma tissues were taken from the patients who accepted operation treatment in our hospital from Feb 2012 to Sep 2013. The expression levels of Nrf2 and Keap1 were detected in 35 cases of laryngeal carcinoma with SP immunohistochemical methods. The data were analyzed by the SPSS 13.0 statistical software.@*RESULT@#The expression of Nrf2 in the 35 cases of laryngeal carcinoma was 77.14%, which in the para-carcinoma tissues was 8.57%, the difference between these two groups was statistically significant (P 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Keap1-Nrf2-ARE pathway may play an important role in progression of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

The expression of PKM2 and HIF-1α in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and its clinical indication / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of PKM2 and HIF-1α in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and to analyze their correlation in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.@*METHOD@#Total 37 laryngeal carcinoma samples and para-carcinoma tissues were taken from the patients who accepted operation treatment in the Second Hospital of HeBei Medical University from 06/2013 to 06/2014. The protein expression levels of PKM2 and HIF-1α were detected with SP immunohistochemical methods. The data were analyzed by the SPSS 13.0 statistical software.@*RESULT@#The positive expression of PKM2 in laryngeal carcinoma tissues and adjacent tissues were 62.16% and 13.15%. The difference was statistically significant (P 0.05). The expression of PKM2 was positively related with HIF-1α in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (P < 0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#The expression of PKM2 and HIF-1α are related with the proliferation, invasion and metastasis of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. It provides a certain theoretical basis for laryngeal cancer diagnosis and screening to measure the expression of PKM2 and HIF-1α as biological indicators.

Vulnerability of Atherosclerotic Plaque Through Contrast-enhanced Ultrasonography / 中国医学影像学杂志

Purpose To investigate the feasibility to diagnose and evaluate the vulnerability of the atherosclerotic plaque through contrast-enhanced ultrasonography. Materials and Methods Thirty-four patients with carotid atherosclerosis were enrolled in the study to take contrast-enhanced ultrasonography and were observed on whether the plaque was enhanced and the features of its enhancement. The peak intensity (PI), time to peak (TTP), and density echo (DE) were calculated according to the time-intensity curve with QLAB software. Results The ratio of enhanced malacoplakia and the mixed plaque showed no difference (χ2=0.847, P>0.05). The percentages of enhanced plaque distributed on the base, tail and the shoulder were 70.0%, 23.3% and 6.7%, respectively with significant difference (χ2=29.100, P the plaque on the base> the plaque on the tail. It was positively correlated between enhanced plaque and its distribution (r=0.404, P0.05). The PI and DE of the ROI in the malacoplakia and the mixed plaques were analyzed by the time-intensity curve and the differences proved to be statistically significant (t=7.497 and 12.224, P<0.05). Conclusion Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography could present the neovessels in the atherosclerotic plaque, which is helpful in evaluating the vulnerability of atherosclerotic plaque.

Application of CT navigation in mandibular angle plastic osteotomy / 中华医学美学美容杂志

Objective To summarize the use of the CT-guided mandibular angle plastic osteotomy.Methods The clinical data of mandibular angle plastic osteotomy were analyzed under the CT navigation in recent 3 years in our department.Thin-slice CT scans of the mandibular angle were performed before the operation.The CT data were input to the system of neuronavigation.The surgical procedures were then taken under the CT navigation.Results All of patients who received this new technology obtained good plastic effects and safe operation.The anatomic location accurately achieched with short operation time and less bleeding during the operation and distinct curative effect and fast recovery after operation.The effects of the treatment were fine.No visible complications occurred.Conclusions The CT navigation could fix accurately on position of important blood vessels and nerves which could be injured accidentally during operation and,of course,the safety of the operation is improved.The CT navigation can also determine the position and quantities of osteotomy from three dimensional angles,reduce effectively the surgical complications and the risk of surgery,reduce the psychological burden of patients efficiently and increase their confidence and credibility to the operation and surgeons.

Synchronous application of genioplasty in surgical correction of square mandible deformity / 中华医学美学美容杂志

Objective To improve the surgical treatment of square mandible deformity. Methods Based on cephalometric and facial feature, an integrated therapeutic project was designed. Through an oral approach the bilateral prominent mandibular angles were reseeted. Meanwhile, genioplasty was applied to correct chin deformity. Results From March 2000 to December 2006, 18 cases of square mandible with chin deformity were corrected with this procedure. The postoperative appearance was improved greatly after 3～6 months. Beautiful chin outline was reconstructed in esthetical standard. Mentolabial sulcus became natural and harmonious. Conclusion Mandible angle osteotomy combined with genioplasty is an ideal methods to recontour square mandible with chin deformity. It is beneficial to whole facial con-tour improvement.

Developing a finite element model of human head with true anatomic structure mandible / 生物医学工程学杂志

A finite element model of human mandible is developed from CT scan images by the technologies of three-dimensional reconstruction, image processing and meshing. The mandible model is connected to one modified head model of Hybrid III dummy with joint according to the anatomic structure and mechanical characteristics of the temporomandibular joint. Then a finite element model of the human head with the true anatomic structure mandible is developed. This model has been validated with the cadaver test results. It can be used in researches on the mechanism of craniofacial blunt-impact injury and on the assessment of injury severity.

Open reduction and internal fixation for fractured condylar neck and mandible ramus via intraoral approach / 中华创伤杂志

Objective To discuss the way of open reduction and internal fixation for fractured condylar neck and mandible ramus via intraoral approach aiming to avoid the facial incision. Methods Fifteen cases (17 sides) with mandibular condyle fractures underwent open reduction and osteosynthesis with plates and screws. After the mandibular ramus was under vertical osteotomy with an oscillating saw, the posterior border bone block of mandibular ramus as well as the free condyle neck were taken out. The fractured condyle neck and the posterior border bone block of mandibular ramus were fixated with a titanium miniplate in vitro. The reunion bone was implanted and reposited in the mouth incision. Of all, two cases suffered fracture of the condyle neck in the other hospital when they received esthetic surgery and resection of prominent mandible angle (PMA). Results Anatomic reduction was achieved in all cases, without damage to facial nerve and major auricular nerve or salivary fistula. There were slight bony resorption and good temporomandibular joint function one year after surgery, with range of mouth opening for 25-40 mm (mean 35.8 mm). Two cases regained their occlusion before their PMA operation. One case had premature contact of the buccal teeth,with 1 mm diverging to medline of the incisor teeth. Intraoral approach not only could avoid large facial scars and facial nerve injury, but also allow visualization of the occlusion during the procedure. Conclusions As more and more consideration is taken to cosmetology, the transoral approach is a reliable surgical alternative for fractures of the condyle neck, without leaving extensive visible scars or damaging facial nerve. The disadvantage is vertical osteotomy of the posterior border of the mandibular ramus.